Ambazari Lake, one of Nagpur’s most significant water bodies, is battling a severe infestation of Eichhornia (water hyacinth). Despite substantial efforts and expenses by the local administration, the problem continues to escalate. With a sewage treatment plant (STP) under construction and industrial waste being a major concern, it is high time authorities take a more proactive approach to restore the lake’s health.
What is Eichhornia and Why is it a Problem?
The Rapid Spread of Water Hyacinth
Eichhornia, commonly known as water hyacinth, is an invasive aquatic plant notorious for its rapid growth. It thrives in nutrient-rich water, forming dense mats that choke lakes, disrupt aquatic life, and lead to flooding by blocking natural water flow.
Impact on Ambazari Lake
- Reduces Oxygen Levels: The thick cover of Eichhornia depletes dissolved oxygen, leading to fish deaths.
- Obstructs Water Flow: It clogs drainage systems, causing water stagnation and increasing flood risks.
- Encourages Mosquito Breeding: Stagnant water provides a perfect breeding ground for mosquitoes, leading to health hazards.
- Affects Biodiversity: The weed outcompetes native plants and disrupts the ecological balance.
Efforts to Combat the Eichhornia Infestation
Ongoing Cleaning Operations
The Nagpur Municipal Corporation (NMC) is spending a significant amount on manually removing the weed daily. However, without addressing the root cause, these efforts remain ineffective in the long term.
Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) – A Ray of Hope?
An 11 MLD STP is under construction in Wadi to treat sewage before it enters the lake. Authorities believe this plant, expected to be operational in six months, could help curb the Eichhornia spread by reducing nutrient load in the lake.
Industrial Waste Intrusion – A Major Concern
Studies indicate that industrial effluents from MIDC Hingna may be contaminating the lake. However, the Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB) has not found conclusive evidence against MIDC, leading to ongoing disputes about the actual source of pollution.
The 2023 Nagpur Floods – A Warning Sign
How Ambazari Lake Contributed to the Disaster
In September 2023, Nagpur witnessed severe flooding in the Nag River due to the overflow of Ambazari Lake. The Eichhornia mats blocked a crucial culvert under a bridge, worsening the flood situation and affecting hundreds of families.
Lack of Administrative Action
Despite clear warnings from experts, the administration failed to take timely action, leaving affected families to struggle with losses amounting to crores of rupees.
Public Concerns and Local Impact
Decline in Fishing and Swimming Activities
Local fishermen report a drastic reduction in fish populations due to oxygen depletion caused by the weeds. Similarly, regular swimmers now avoid the lake due to the deteriorating water quality.
Health Risks for Nearby Residents
- Mosquito-borne diseases: Increased cases of malaria and dengue.
- Water contamination: Higher risk of waterborne illnesses.
- Air pollution: Decomposing weeds emit foul odors, affecting air quality.
Need for Long-Term Solutions
Comprehensive Cleanup Strategy
- Use of Biological Controls: Introducing weevils and other natural predators of Eichhornia.
- Mechanical Removal: Deploying advanced weed harvesters for efficient removal.
- Chemical Treatment: Using eco-friendly herbicides to control growth.
Policy Changes and Stricter Regulations
- Industrial Waste Monitoring: Conducting frequent water quality tests near industrial zones.
- Strict Waste Disposal Laws: Enforcing penalties for industries dumping untreated waste.
- Regular Maintenance: Allocating funds for periodic cleaning and monitoring of the lake.
The infestation of Eichhornia in Ambazari Lake is a pressing environmental issue that demands immediate attention. While efforts like the STP construction and daily cleaning are steps in the right direction, a more robust and sustainable strategy is needed. The authorities must take strict action against pollution sources and implement long-term ecological solutions to restore the lake’s health.
1. Why is Eichhornia growing so fast in Ambazari Lake?
Eichhornia thrives in nutrient-rich water, primarily fueled by untreated sewage and industrial waste entering the lake.
2. How does Eichhornia contribute to flooding?
The thick weed mats block water flow and drainage points, leading to water stagnation and overflow during heavy rains.
3. Can the problem be solved permanently?
Yes, through a combination of biological control, mechanical removal, strict pollution control, and long-term maintenance plans.
4. What can local residents do to help?
Residents can avoid dumping waste into the lake, participate in cleanup drives, and report pollution sources to authorities.
5. What role does the STP play in solving this issue?
The STP will help reduce nutrient levels in the water, limiting the excessive growth of Eichhornia and improving overall water quality.
